Learning outcomes
After we have studied the unit, we will be able to

• narrate incidents and events in a logical acquence
• participate in conversation, discussions and debates
• read maps, charts, graphs, etc.

B.Read the conversation and answer the questions.

Tiya : Anusha, what's the matter? You're wearing sports trousers, T-shirts, sports shoes and carrying a bag! Where are you coming from? And you look tired!
Anusha : Not exactly, Tiya. I'm great because I'm just coming back from the gym.

Tiya: Do you go to the gym regularly?
Anusha : Yes, I do. I go twice a week. It's one of my favourite pastimes. : Really! Going to the gym is your favourite pastime! You make me laugh!

Tiya: Really! Going to the gym is your favourite pastime! You make me laugh!
Anusha : Why not? I like sports because I like to be fit. I'm not a lazy person like you!

Tiya : What do you do there?
Anusha : I do yoga.

Tiya : Don't you have any other pastimes?
Anusha : Hmm... yes, I have. I like playing chess, painting, and reading books when I'm free. I also like photography but I'm yet to learn it. What do you do in your pastime?

Tiya : I like watching TV, listening to music, reading books and magazines, and playing games on the computer. I do like gardening. But we don't have sufficient space. So I do pot              planting. By the way, I don't know much about yoga. Would you please tell me about it?

Anusha : Sure! I'll give you an article on it. It will help you know about yoga. Okay?

Questions:
1 Why does Anusha like going to the gym?
2 What are her pastimes?
3 Make a list of Tiya's pastimes.
4 How will Tiya learn about yoga?

C.Read the following texts. Then check (√) the statements below:

                                                                                              Yoga: Tap Into the Many Health Benefits

Understanding yoga:
Yoga is a kind of posture and breathing exercise. It brings together physical and mental disciplines to achieve peace of body and mind, helping you relax and manage stress and anxiety. Traditional yoga puts emphasis on behavior, diet and meditation. But if you're just looking for better stress management-and not an entire lifestyle change-yoga can still help. Yoga trainers gradually choose easier to complex activities for practitioners. However, all practitioners do not necessarily need the same kinds of practice.

The health benefits of yoga:
The potential health benefits of yoga are numerous and may include:

• Stress reduction

With its quiet, precise movements, yoga draws your focus away from your busy and chaotic day towards calm as you move your body through poses that require balance and concentration.Increased fitness

• Increase fitness

As you learn and refine new poses, you may enjoy improved balance, flexibility, range of motion and strength. And this means you're less likely to injure yourself in other physical endeavours or in your daily activities.

• Management of chronic health conditions
Yoga might help in a variety of health conditions, such as cancer, depression, pain, anxiety and insomnia, fatigue and mood shifts. Yoga can also help reduce heart rate and blood pressure.

• Weight loss
If you're overweight or have eating disorder, yoga may help you make the healthy lifestyle changes necessary to gain control of your eating and reduce weight.

While you shouldn't expect yoga to cure you or offer you 100 percent relief, it can help some health conditions when combined with standard medical treatment. And if you already enjoy good health, yoga can be an enjoyable supplement to your regular fitness routine.

D. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. Give your own opinions.

1 How does exercise work on our memory ?
2 What other benefits can you think of from exercise ?
3 What is the most important benefit of exercise to you and why ?

E. Complete the sentences.
a. Yoga is a practice of.................................................................................
b. Traditional Yoga works through.................................................................
c. Yoga is very effective in managing.............................................................
d. Through the poses of balance and concentration Yoga..............................................
e. .............................................................................................. results in increased fitness.
f. Yoga can reduce or work for............................................................
g. Yoga can control..............................................................................
h. Yoga cannot cure 100 percent, but ...................................................

F. Check (√) the statements about yoga below.

a. Yoga improves fitness.                                                                                                     

b. Yoga has little to do with eating habits.

c. It may differ according to practitioners' levels.                                                                   

d. It helps people shake off all types of physical and mental disorders.
e. It works both on body and mind.                                                                                       

f. It helps practitioners undergo similar level of difficulty.
g. If you know yoga, you have better control over your real life hazards.                           

h. It also helps you live longer.

Read the text.
Hi, I'm Shyam. I'm from Magura. Although it's the district headquarters, it's a small town. I'm in grade 9 now in Chander Haat Bidyaloya. I love games and sports very much. My father was an athlete in his student life. He inspires me to follow in his footsteps and take part in games and sports or do some exercise besides my studies. So I get up early in the morning and take a walk with my father almost every day. We walk for about an hour. At school, during break I play kabadi, gollachhut, badminton, table tennis, and carom. Sometimes I prac- tise the high jump and the long jump outside the school campus. Playing football is a passion for me. I like watching television too.
I watch sports programmes on different TV channels during my free time. I'm a fan of National Geographic, Discovery, and Animal Planet for their documentaries as they are quite interesting as well as educative. Recently my father has presented me with a camera as he was very happy with the result of my Junior School Certificate exam. When I hold the camera, I feel so excited! I wish I could be an amateur photographer in future - not to take only personal photographs at different parties but to shoot our beautiful Bangladesh. I'm sure that soon photography will be my most favourite pastime.

H. Work in pairs. Read the statements of the following grid. First match the parts in Column B with Column C to make complete sentences. Then make questions for the statements in Column A.

I. Write about your own pastime following the model in G.

A. Read the conversation and tell what Anusha is going to read.
Anusha : Tiya, hope you enjoyed the article on yoga.
Tiya : Yes, it's great. By the way, Anusha, how did you enjoy London Olympics as a sports lover?
Anusha : People rightly say that it is the greatest show on earth. I'm still thrilled to remember what Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt have shown. Amazing!
Tiya : Right you are. They are incredible. However, I've got an interesting article on the Internet on Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt. You might like it and take part in the debate on who  is better between these two greats. Please read it.

Anusha : Ahh... Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt! Thank you Tiya! I would love to read it.

B. Read the text published in a newspaper in 2012, and answer the questions that follow.

Michael Phelps, Usain Bolt are great, but who's better?
With the curtains closing on the 2012 London Olympics, it's impossible not to look back and reflect on the greatest performances by Olympic athletes. The Olympics have many memorable moments and athletes we'll remember by name alone. The list is quite big. Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt are the latest addition to this list of the bests. They made London Olympics stand apart. If there is any question like this: "What is the standout performance of London 2012?", perhaps the answer is "The London Games gave us Michael Phelps vs. Usain Bolt." The first one is an already decorated Olympian, who put the finishing touches on his great athletic careers. And another came up with a new definition of fast. Two of the most popular Olympic sports, sprinting and swimming, saw their two biggest stars captivating audiences. They'd also domi- nated the 2008 Beijing Games, but Phelps and Bolt cemented their legacies in London. Phelps, the American swimmer, passed gymnast Larissa Latynia for the most Olympic medals ever. Bolt was the third man to repeat as a 100-meter gold medalist and the first as a 200-meter gold medalist, and he broke his own Olym- pic record by running the 100 meter in 9.63 seconds. Once Phelps and Bolt were back in their pool and track, the story lines changed.

Phelps is the most-decorated Olympian ever, with 22 overall medals: 18 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze. Bolt is the most accomplished Olympic sprinter, with the unprecedented double, making clear that he's the fastest man in the world.

But there's a debate: Who had the better Olympics? It'd be tough to top Phelps' eight gold medals in Beijing, but what if we're only talking London?
London was Phelps' grand finale. He won four golds and two silvers in seven events, and he says he'll never race again.
London was Bolt's chance to prove he's still the greatest. Bolt won six gold medals in six Olympic finals. He is the first man ever in the history of the modern Games to sweep the 100 and 200 in back-to-back Olympics. Not to mention the addition of back-to-back relay golds.

And Bolt became a legend, in his own words. Phelps already was. Bolt is just 25 years old, so there is no telling how long he can be on top of the sprinting world. What if he decides to "retire" from sprinting to focus on the 400 meters, just to break another world record or two? It would be amazing and entirely possible for him to accomplish.
Who had the better 2012 Games? You tell us, let the debate begin.

Questions:
1 What makes London Olympic 2012 exceptionally sensational?
2 How are Phelps and Bolt brilliantly similar and different?
3 Between these two Olympians who has bagged the highest honour within the same time frame?
4 What is special in Bolt so far? 5 How does Bolt evaluate himself?

C. Make two flow charts on Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt. The first two are done for you..........(চার্ট আছে......)

D. Read the following text and complete the blank spaces with the appropriate words from the box below.

These are the stories of two most successful Olympians of history. While one is famous as the fastest........... the other is celebrated as the fastest ................of the world. However, both are unparalleled for their ........... in their own field. They made history in the Beijing.............. They have made newer.................. in the London Olympics too. They are the living....................now.  Though Phelps has ........... from his race, Bolt has prospects to ...... ....... himself in the next Olympic as well. After the............... show on earth is over in London, this................... will go on — who is better. Only time will .........  this question.

E. Work in pairs. Decide who is better between these two champions. Give reasons in favour of your decisions.

A. Read the text.
Childhood outdoor pastimes 'in decline' Traditional childhood pastimes of climbing trees and playing conkers are in decline, according to a survey by the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds). It's a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales. The survey shows that people under 34 recall far fewer such childhood outdoor experiences than people over 55, according to a survey by RSPB.

People were asked which of the twelve childhood outdoor experiences they could remember. The answer included making dens, daisy chains, climbing trees, playing conkers and feeding birds. Four out of five boys climbed trees and the same number of girls made daisy chains. But the survey showed the numbers declining among the newer generations. Some 15% more of those aged over 55 had these outdoor experiences in their childhood, compared with those between 15-34 years old. Some 92% of the public agreed that experiences of nature were still important to children, and 82% agreed that schools should play a role in providing them to all children.

The survey has highlighted the positive impact of contact with nature on a child's education, health, wellbeing and social skills. At the same time, there has been a decline in these RSPB opportunities, with negative consequences for children, families and society-a condition now known as nature deficit disorder.

Mike Clarke, chief executive of the RSPB, will meet parliament members to urge the government to join other organisations in providing children with first- hand experiences of the natural environment. . . . "We believe this guidance should include the many positive impacts to children of having contact with nature and learning outside the classroom."

B Read the following words and write their meanings as you understand them from the context. If you don't understand, check the words from a dictionary.
 

Conkers.................................................................................................................................

Dens......................................................................................................................................

Decline.................................................................................................................................

Highlight.................................................................................................................................

Impact....................................................................................................................................

Consequence...........................................................................................................................

Disorder...................................................................................................................................

Urge.........................................................................................................................................

C. Read the following statement taken from the text in A and say what the subject of comparison is. Find out the other comparison in the text above.

People under 34 recall fewer such childhood outdoor experiences than people over 55, according to the survey by Ipsos Mori for RSPB.

D.  Do you agree that if children have more contacts with nature, they may have a positive impact on them? Make a list of the benefits or harms they may have if taken to nature frequently.

E. Speak to the senior citizens in your home or community. Ask them about their pastime activities and take notes on them. Then write a paragraph in the style of the text given in Section A to show the differences. Also mention why these differences have taken place.

A. Tiya and Anusha decided to make a survey on students' pastimes in their class. After the survey they presented their findings in a chart. Look at the chart and read how they explain their findings.

Tiya: Hello everyone! My name is Tiya. My friend, Anusha and I are going to do a presentation on Pastime Habits of Classes 9 and 10 students in our school. There are 120 students, 60 in class 9 and 60 in class 10. The classes have gender equity. Each class has 30 male and 30 female students. The survey shows that 22.3 percent of students in classes 9-10 like games and sports as their most favourite pastime, which is the 4th option given by classes 5-6 students. Watching television is the second choice (17.2%) by the first group in contrast to 31.2% of the second group. It is noteworthy that watching television is the first choice of the second group. A considerable number (13.7%) of 9-10 students like to chat with their friends and thus it becomes the third popular choice in the chart while this becomes one of the less important choices by the younger kids. Only 6.7% of the kids take it as their first priority. It's interesting that both the groups like reading books. 12.9% of students of classes 9-10 take it as their favourite pastime. The number is 11.7% for Classes 5-6 students. Besides, gardening is voted (10.7% of students) to be the 5th preference by the grown up group though it is not that much liked by the younger group. Only 6.1% of the young kids are involved in it. This is interesting that though the higher number of students in classes 9-10 prefer attending social programs (9.1%) than students of classes 5-6 (7.8%), yet as a choice it is preferred by the latter group. It is the 5th choice for them while to the older group it is the 6th. Young kids have greater fascination for playing games on the computers (20.9% like it as their first choice). The chart shows that as the kids grow up, they lose their passion for computer games. According to the chart the ratio declines to 8.2% from 20.9% when the kids are students of classes 9-10. Finally, it can be said that the influence of television has impact on both the groups but the more students grow up, the more they opt for fields/ gym.

Questions:
1. What are the gender policy of the surveyors?
2. What are the survey findings regarding watching television?

3. Which age group is more interested in socializing with others?
4.  According to the chart, how do the kids change their pastimes when they are grown up? What changes does the chart for 9-10 reflect?

B. Work in groups. Make a chart on the pastimes of the students in your class and present it to your class.

A. Read the conversation. What is it about? Do you agree or disagree? : 

Tiya : Anusha, I really wonder how pastimes vary from generation to generation.
Anusha : Oh yes. I can tell you how.

Tiya : Although I don't know exactly, I think time is a big factor.

Anusha You are right. Time changes many things. It changes our tastes and abilities. Technology has roles too. Look, there was a time when playing in the fields was very popular because we had many open fields around. Going to a neighbours' houses and hanging out in groups were popular pastimes as well. You won't see these activities now. The process of urbanization, the aggression of satellite television and people's dependence on technology have changed our lifestyle. Now boys and girls of urban and semi-urban areas are more dependent on the computer for social networking, video games, or computer assisted programmes.

Tiya : Right. But how do you know all these things, Anusha?

Anusha : Oh....I read an interesting article on people's changing pastimes. It analyses the issue through a graph. Here it is. Read, and I'm sure you will enjoy it.

B. Read the article. Underline the words/expressions used in the article to show the changes in the data. The first one is done for you in the text.

        (গ্রাফ চার্ট আছে......)

There is change in people's preferences for pastimes. A recent survey shows that during the last twenty years, teenagers have gone through significant changes in choosing their pastimes. The survey results are presented through a graph which shows that there is a steady rise in young people's tendency to watch TV. In 1990, 41% of teenagers liked watching TV which increased to 48% in the next ten years and it further increased to 52% in the next decade. Unfortunately, the picture is grim in terms of young people's attraction to field games and sports. While 50% of youngsters opted for games and sports in the 1990s, the figure was 12% less after a decade at 38%. Unfortunately the falling tendency persisted through the next ten years and by 2010 it came down to 25%. Though the young people have dissociated themselves noticeably from games and sports, there is a sharp and steady rise in their association with online or computer assisted programmes. In 1990 when the users of online or computer for pastimes were only 9%, in 2000 the number nearly doubled and reached 14%, and with a rapid increase in the next ten years it shot up to 23%.

The survey also explains the reasons for this change. It says that television has become a part of everyday life even to the underprivileged section of society. This has resulted in larger number of young people opting for watching TV as one of the most favourite pastimes. The increasing urbanization has reduced the number of open fields. Therefore, there is a fall in selecting games and sports as favourite pastimes, though it's not a good news for the country. And the reason for selecting the computer assisted or online programmes is that computer technology is getting cheaper, easier and more popular every day. Indeed, our young generations are stepping into the e-world.

C. Now work in groups and analyse the following graph.

Elderly people's changing attitude to pastimes in a community

.............................(গ্রাফ চার্ট আছে......)